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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluated the relationship between the genetic variations at IL-8 +2767 position with VL pathogenesis among Iranian patients.@*METHODS@#Three groups including patients with VL clinical presentation and leishmania seropositive (n = 124), patients seropositive but without clinical presentation (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 63) were selected to conduct this cross-sectional study. Polymorphism at +2767 position of IL-8 was investigated using PCR-RFLP techniques. Anti-leishmania antibody titration was evaluated by the immunoflorescence technique.@*RESULTS@#We observed higher significant frequencies +2767 A/A and A/T genotypes in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and healthy controls (P = 0.001). Also, patients in Group 1 carrying A/A genotype showed higher titer of anti-leishmania antibody than patients with A/T and T/T genotypes (P = 0.05). The validity of the data was analyzed using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), as well as χ tests.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings indicate that the IL-8 +2767 polymorphism is significantly involved in impaired immune responses against VL and it could be considered as a risk factor for the VL progress.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluated the relationship between the genetic variations at IL-8 +2767 position with VL pathogenesis among Iranian patients. Methods Three groups including patients with VL clinical presentation and leishmania seropositive (n = 124), patients seropositive but without clinical presentation (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 63) were selected to conduct this cross-sectional study. Polymorphism at +2767 position of IL-8 was investigated using PCR-RFLP techniques. Anti-leishmania antibody titration was evaluated by the immunoflorescence technique. Results We observed higher significant frequencies +2767 A/A and A/T genotypes in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and healthy controls (P = 0.001). Also, patients in Group 1 carrying A/A genotype showed higher titer of anti-leishmania antibody than patients with A/T and T/T genotypes (P = 0.05). The validity of the data was analyzed using Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), as well as χ
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Immune responses play critical roles in the leishmaniasis eradication. IL-10 is a key regulator of immune responses, and the polymorphisms within its promoter region are associated with alteration in its expression. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the correlation between polymorphism at the -1082 position of the IL-10 gene and visceral leishmaniasis [VL]. The IL-10 -1082 polymorphism and anti-Leishmania antibody titration were examined in 110 patients with clinical presentation of VL and seropositive for the Leishmania [group 1], 74 seropositive patients but without clinical presentation [group 2] and 113 healthy controls [group 3] using the PCR-RFLP and immunofluorescence techniques, respectively. The polymorphism at IL-10 -1082 [A/G] position was significantly associated with VL and A/G genotype was significantly higher in VL patients when compared to the groups 2 and 3 [P< 0.001]. However, the results demonstrated that the A and G alleles were not associated with VL [P= 0.263]. Previous investigations have shown that the polymorphism at the -1082 position of the IL-10 gene can influence its expression and also it has been proved that IL-10 level was increased during VL. Our results suggest that the A/G genotype may be considered as a risk factor for VL
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Background: One language-related area that has recently received more attention from researchers working in the field of stuttering is phonological working memory. This article aimed to identify phonological skills of working memory in children with stuttering in comparison with normal children, and to obtain the relationship between the increase in the number of syllables in nonwords and the mean percentage of error in non-word repetition in both groups, then to compare them with each other
Methods: Thirty children participated in the study, 15 children who stutter and 15 normal children which were matched by age, gender and socio-economic status. Cases of this study were recruited by non random convenience sampling. The research data collection was based on non-word repetition test. The test included 40 non-words. Independent t-tests and linear regression were used for data analysis
Results: Results revealed that in all cases the mean percentage of error was higher in children who stutter than normal children, but the difference was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. Also the mean percentage error did not show a regular increase by increasing the number of syllables in the non-words. So that, in both groups of the study the highest mean percentage of error was related to single-syllable non-words then three-syllable and two-syllable ones
Conclusion: The results of the present research from previous researches support the view that children with stuttering may have some degree of delay and slow in phonological working memory abilities when compared to normal children. It is proposed that in future more researches could be done in more samples, in different age groups of children and adults who stutter
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The aim of this study was investigating the characteristic and outcome of self-immolation cases admitted to the Burn Centre of Birjand, Iran over an eight year period. This study is a retrospective review of case notes for patients with self-Immolation and admitted to our referral burn centre in the last 8 years [January 2003-January 2011]. A performa was designed to collect the data such as: demographic information, length of hospital stay, extent of the burn injuries as%TBSA [Total Body Surface Area] and final outcome. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Between 2003 and 2011, 188 self-immolation cases admitted. The mean age was 26.97 +/- 12.6 years. Female to male ratio was 1.7:1. Housewives represented the largest group [43.1%] and kerosene was the most frequent agent used [74.6%]. There was significant different between mortality and TBSA and low educational level [P=0.0001]. There was a significant fluctuation time trend in the incidence [per 100,000 population] of self-immolation from 2003 [4.64, CI 95%: 4.62-4.65] to 2008 [5.2, CI 95%: 5.19-5.21]. Mortality rate was 64%. The survival rates at three weeks survival for patients who self-immolated was 24 percent [CI 95%: 17-31]. The mean and median survival times were 6 days [CI 95%: 4.8-7.2] and 17.5 days [CI 95%: 13.3-21.6], respectively. Our study has shown a lower incidence of self-immolation [5.3%] in the South Khorasan region, when compared with other parts of Iran, as well as a relatively low mortality rate. We have also reported self-immolation in pregnant women which has rarely been reported in medical literature
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Suicide , Burn Units , Retrospective Studies , BurnsABSTRACT
The main objective for introducing this case study is to create a platform from which the importance of road traffic related injuries and traumas can be emphasized and discussed within and across various fields of investigation. The long term goal is to entice public campaign around unmet needs for higher road safety measures to reduce primary, secondary, and tertiary risks of injuries and traumas. a 28-year-old pregnant woman with a 16-week gestational age fetus was involved in a road car crash resulting in multiple traumas. Evaluation and treatment was initiated in the local Urgent Care Unit and continued in the emergency department and operation room. Patient underwent the following procedures: laparotomy, diverting colostomy, terminating pregnancy, right calcaneal traction and long leg splint, as well as multiple irrigation-debridements. Finally, the wound was left open and the patient was admitted to Intensive Care Unit. We hope that the introduction of this case for a "Ground Round" discussion will stir up a comprehensive discussion regarding the injury and trauma related preventive measures as well as treatment approaches in cases involving pregnant women in car accidents, and will bring about a holistic overview of this issue by the experts in various fields
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Wounds and Injuries , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Since a great number of neonatal mortality is related to low birth weight [LBW] and its prevalence of LBW is increasing in different populations, this study was carried out to identify the prevalence of LBW and some of its related factors at Hadjar Educational Hospital in Shahr-e-Kord, during 2006. This cross sectional study was done on 5102 neonates. The data were collected by completing a form through physical examinations of the neonates by pediatricians and interview with their mothers. Out of 5102 neonates, 434 [8.5%] had low birth weight than 2500gr [CI=7.5%-9.5%]. The odds ratio for low birth weight in multiples was 16.3 times greater than singletons [P=0.0001], 9.6 times greater in gestational ages before the 37th week than after it [P=0.0001], and 2.75 times greater in mothers under 20, than older ones [P=0.04]. In addition, the odds ratio was 2.45 times greater in female versus male neonates [P=0.04], 3.69 times greater in primigravidas than multigravidas [P=0.01] and 1.22 times greater in mothers under high school diploma than those with higher education [P=0.045]. No significant relationships were found between the mothers' residential areas and low birth weight. The prevalence of LBW in Shahr-e-Kord was similar to other parts of Iran. Preventing preterm labor and holding educational programs for high-risk mothers, particularly under 20 mothers, primiparous women and those with lower educational attainments can play an effective role in the prevention of low birth weight